A World War I Veteran

When Herbert H. Parmer joined the Pennsylvania National Guard on June 23, 1916, he had no idea where he would end up as a result.

Herbert H. Parmer

Herbert H. Parmer (Photo courtesy of Sarah (Parmer) Constein

At that time, the PA National Guard was know as the 7th Division.  Just a few days before, on June 18, 1916, the 7th Division was ordered to prepare to go the Mexican Border as part of the Mexican Border Campaign.  It’s likely that he joined the National Guard as a result of the 7th Division’s call to serve.  And it is likely he served along the Mexican Border, although additional research is needed to confirm this.  The 7th Division’s participation in the Mexican Border Campaign was significant in preparing them for their future service, when less than a year after returning home, they were called up to serve in the World War.

Herbert H. Parmer served in Company K of the 4th Infantry PA National Guard until August of 1916, after which he was in the Machine Gun Battalion of the 4th Infantry PA National Guard until October of 1917.  At that time, as part of the United States entry into the World War, his machine gun battalion was organized into the 109th Machine Gun Battalion of the 56th Infantry Brigade of the 28th Division, which is “the oldest continuously serving division in the United States Army” according to the PNG website.

Herbert H. service record

from Ancestry.com

Before heading overseas, the 109th Machine Gun Battalion trained at Camp Hancock near Augusta, GA.

109th training camp

Looking down Pennsylvania Ave. from 109th U.S. Inf., Camp Hancock, Agusta [sic], Ga., Feb. 1918 (from Library of Congress)

machine gun training camp

M.G. Training School Camp, Camp Hancock, Augusta, Georgia (from Library of Congress)

 

The 109th Machine Gun Battalion participated in the major battles of Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, the Fismes sector, Oise-Aisne, the Argonne sector, Meuse-Argonne, and the Thiaucourt sector.

The 28th Division became quite famous.  The following is from the PNG website:

After arriving in France, the 28ID gained fame as a result of its gallant stand on July 15, 1918.  As the division took up defensive positions along the Marne River east of Chateau-Thierry, the Germans commenced their attack with a fierce artillery bombardment.  When the German assault collided with the main force of the 28ID, the fighting became bitter hand-to-hand combat.  The 28ID repelled the German forces and decisively defeated their enemy.  After the battle, Gen. John Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, visited the battlefield and declared that the 28ID soldiers are “Men of Iron” and named the 28ID his “Iron Division.”

The 28th Division is still known as the “Iron Division” today.

Herbert H. Parmer served overseas from May 1918 to March 1919.

You can read more about the 109th Machine Gun Battalion here.

Herbert H veterans compensation app

from Ancestry.com

A Granddaughter’s Memories, and A Great Granddaughter’s

Who was a messenger, a salesman, a dishwasher, an umbrella factory worker, a taxi driver, a stamp collector, and a veteran of the Great War?

That is Herbert H. Parmer, born June 21 1895 to William Eckman Parmer and Emma J. Howe.

Herbert H Parmer

Herbert H. Parmer.  Photo courtesy of Sarah (Parmer) Constein

The earliest record I could find for Herbert is the 1900 census, which shows him at 4 yrs old with his parents at 29 Dorwart Street.  The current home at that address was built in 1910, so it wouldn’t be the home he lived in.

The 1910 Census taken April 22, 1910, shows him at 14 years old living at 507 Green St., which is the address where his family lived for many years.  He had not attended school during the September 1, 1909 school year, but he was employed and is recorded as not being out of work at all in 1909.  He was working in an umbrella factory.  I can’t make out what his type of work was at the factory.  Can you read it in the image below in the first column?

herbert h job in 1910

A year later, in the 1911 city directory, he was listed as working as a messenger.  He would have been 15 years old.  The directory lists his address, 507 Green St., which is likely where he lived until he married.  It’s interesting to note that at 15 years old, he is listed like an adult in the city directory, along with his 17 and 20 year old brothers and his parents.  What a difference it would be today!

On June 23, 1916, Herbert H. enlisted in the National Guard at the age of 21.  He was in Co K 4 Inf PA National Guard until August 10, 1916.  Then he was in M G [machine gun] Co 4 inf PA National Guard until October 21, 1917, when that company became Co A 109 M G Bn until his discharge.

But first, wedding bells rang.  The 1930 census asks what age you were at your first marriage.  Herbert is shown as 23 at his first marriage and Florence Ruth as 17.  I couldn’t locate a marriage record for them, but they were likely married in 1918 before he left on May 7, 1918 to serve overseas in World War I.   A great granddaughter shares some memories of Florence Ruth Parmer:

I have vague memories of Grandma Parmer. I was named after her. I remember going to her house where she had a cedar chest full of greeting cards. She would allow me to look at the cards if I was very careful! I loved this memory so much that I saved every card I was ever given in MY cedar chest so I could do the same with my grandchildren. Unfortunately I won’t have grandchildren so the cards became a casualty during one of my cross country moves but my son still has the cedar chest which is full of family mementos like pictures and Bob’s and my graduation caps and yearbooks. I do have one of her recipes passed down from Mom. She apparently catered for some fancy dinners for the Watts and Shands (of Watt & Shand fame), among others,  and came up with an hors d’oeuvre consisting of pineapple rings stuffed with cherries and cream cheese on a bed of lettuce. We make it at Easter. Mom says she was very proper and fancy.  (From notes provided by Sarah (Parmer) Constein)

The war ended in 1919, and Herbert returned to the United States in March 1919, being discharged from the military in October 1919.

The 1920 census shows Herbert is married at 24 years old, living with Florence Ruth and son Harry, who was one year old.  He was a novelties salesman. They lived at 647 Chester Ave (might actually be Street), next to her parents and siblings.  He’s still listed as a salesman in the 1927 city directory.

Eventually, his family bought a house.  In the 1930 census, his family is shown at 21 East Liberty Street, where they owned a home valued at $8000.  He was 35 years old and was a taxi driver for “Taxi Cab Co.”  The census record states he is a veteran of the World War.  His family lived at East Liberty Street for several years.  The current home at that address, according to zillow.com, was built in 1930, so it would be the same home that the family lived in.

21 east liberty

21 East Liberty is the cream colored house on the left.  Photo from zillow.com

His granddaughter said he suffered from “shell shock”, had TB (possibly from the trenches and gas during the war) and spent time in a sanatorium (From notes provided by Sarah (Parmer) Constein)”.  This is consistent with his filing for veterans compensation in 1934 while living at the VA hospital in Coatesville, PA.  In addition, the 1940 census shows him as an inmate at the Veterans Administration Facility in Chester County at 1400 Blackhorse Hill Road, Caln Township, PA, near Coatesville, where patients were first admitted in 1930, and which was dedicated in 1932.

His granddaughter “said he lived with them in West Willow when she was a kid and she has fond memories of him. She loved him very much.”  She “remembers he used to get his pension check once a month and take them to the West Willow fruit stand to buy them fruit.”  She says one “month he told them he could not take them for fruit and she remembers that night Pappap told them he had died.”  (From notes provided by Sarah (Parmer) Constein)”  Herbert died June 24, 1957 while living at 1938 Willow Street Pike, West Lampeter Township, according to his death certificate.

His granddaughter “credits him with teaching her about edible plants like dandelion, berries, poke, “mustard” and pawpaws. He would take her for long walks in the wood and show her what she could safely eat as well as teach her about other plants like Jack-in-the-Pulpet. (From notes provided by Sarah (Parmer) Constein)”  Also, “He kept an army trunk at the foot of his bed. He would call the kids into his room to sneak Hershey Kisses to them. Nanny (Violet) would holler not to give the kids candy but he would fib that they were playing jacks. He would then throw jacks on the top of the trunk to cover his story! (From notes provided by Sarah (Parmer) Constein)”

jack in the pulpit

Jack-in-the-Pulpit, photo compliments of here.

 

Do You Remember Your Age?

Do you ever forget how old you are?  I cannot seem to remember my age.  I mean, I know how old I am, give or take a year.  Usually if someone asks my age, I take a minute to calculate it.  Does age matter?  Turning 10 years old matters–your first year of double digits!  Turning 13 years old matters–your first official year as a teen.  At 16 years old, many are allowed to date–definitely an age that matters to a 16 year old.  And 18 years old matters–adulthood!  But after, say, 25 years old, what does it matter?

Young people often want to be older.  And older people often want to be younger.  Will Rogers  is quoted as saying “Eventually you will reach a point when you stop lying about your age and start bragging about it.”

In family history, age can be very important.  When I search Ancestry.com for Mary Smith born in Massachusetts in 1700, over 60,000 records were identified.  Identifying your ancestor might come down to knowing their age, especially if you don’t know their exact birth date.

Annie’s birth date is a little hard to pin down.

As mentioned in the previous post, she is shown in the 1880 census as being 2 years old. Other records show the following:

  • Marriage certificate shows age 21 in April 1895
  • 1900 census shows age as 24
  • 1910 census shows age as 33
  • 1920 census shows age as 40
  • 1930 census shows age as 54
  • 1940 census shows age as 57
  • Social Security Death Index shows birthday of 18 January 1877
  • Funeral program shows birth date of 18 January 1875
  • Headstone says born 1876

via Annie E. Parmer Brackbill (1876 – 1972) – Find A Grave Photos

So from 1880-1895, which is 15 years, her age changed 19 years.  From 1895 to 1900, which is five years, her age changed 3 years.  From 1900 to 1910, her age changed 9 years, which is reasonable depending on when the census was taken.  Then from 1910 to 1920, her age changed 7 years.  From 1920 to 1930, her age changed 14 years.  From 1930 to 1940, her age changed 3 years.  Something’s fishy here!

I feel like the 1880 census, with her age listed at 2 years old, is probably the most reliable.  If we use the Social Security Death Index birthday, she would have been 3 years old at the 1880 census.  That’s pretty close.  In 1895, the year she married, she would have been 17 or 18 years old and probably would have needed parental permission to marry, like some of her sisters who married at that age.  My guess is that, for some reason or another, she couldn’t get that permission and did what was required to get married–change her age.

Of course, for the censuses, whoever gave information to the census taker could have simply given the wrong information.  But I can’t help think that maybe Annie was a little like myself–a person who forgets her age.

What does age matter anyway?

 

102_3976

Appreciation to cousin Janet for sharing so much family history with Ronald P. Scott and I when we showed up on her doorstep.

 

 

 

 

Annie’s in the Newspaper!

Old newspapers are very interesting.  They can draw interest in people never heard of before.  Reading them is like taking a step back in time, but it seems as though it’s the present.  You can learn all kinds of things in a newspaper–theft, the price of crops, and who was arrested for drunkenness, among other things.

Annie Parmer was the third daughter and the sixth child of Samuel and Hetty.  She was born one year after her older sister died at age 3 years and 3 months.  I cannot help but think that her mother must have been grateful for another daughter.  Since Samuel had a sister named Ann, it’s possible his new daughter was named after his sister.

Annie’s exact birth year is a little hard to pin down.  We first find Annie in the 1880 Census at age 2, shown below in the census excerpt taken from ancestry.com.

1880 Census Samuel and Hetty cropped

The family lived in East Lampeter Township, but the census taker did not record the street.

The 1888 Williams’ Lancaster City Directory lists Samuel Parmer living at “Rockland n Old Factory”, which translates to “Rockland Street north(of) Old Factory.”   It’s possible they lived at that location for the 1880 census.  But we have a second record that confirms they lived there in 1888.

On October 4, 1888, the Lancaster City School Board met.  The meeting, and various reports given at the meeting, were reported in detail the next day in the Lancaster Daily Intelligencer.  The City Superintendent’s Report began with statistical information about how many students attended school. Several options existed for school then, just like today.  The report included students attending high school, grammar school, secondary school, ungraded school, intermediate school, and primary school.  A little research is needed to learn the difference between them, but that’s part of the fun of learning history!  My favorite–ungraded school. Students are not grouped by grade, but by what they need to learn.  Once they learn a topic, they move on to the next group. So if they are grouped in the subtraction group, and they master subtraction, then they might move to the multiplication group.  Just a fun fact!

After reporting the number of students, the newspaper listed the non-resident students by name. Here’s an excerpt taken from the October 5, 1888 Lancaster Daily Intelligencer digitally located on the Library of Congress’ Chronicling America website:

annie-school-in-newspaper

Do you see the Parmers listed as non-residents attending the Rockland Street Primary School?  There’s Annie, along with her brothers Harry and Aldus.  Also, did you notice that none of Annie’s siblings were attending the Rockland Street Intermediate or Secondary schools? Annie would have been about ten years old at the time.  Her brother Samuel E. would have been about 14 and her sister Margie would have been about 17 years old.  They possibly were not attending school anymore.  Or they could have been attending school at night.  Night school?!  Yup.  The report indicated that 203 students, including 45 under the age of 14, attended night school.  But then the older Parmer children would probably still be listed as non-residents. So it’s likely they did not attend school at all and that Annie was then the oldest of her siblings still in school.

The fact that Annie, Harry, and Aldus attended Rockland Street Primary School is consistent with their home’s location. The Rockland Street School was created for students in that area, as noted in the quote below from One Hundred and Fifty Years of School History in Lancaster, Pennsylvania by William Riddle:

The first move for the erection of what is hereafter to be 
known as the " Rockland Street " school house, came at the 
February meeting of 1869, as a motion from Robert A. Evans, 
requesting the Superintending Committee " to inquire into the 
matter of more convenient school accommodations for the 
children who reside on the ' Old Factory Road ' and its vicinity 
and make report to the board when convenient."

The school was completed in 1876, just 12 years before Annie (and her brothers) were listed in the newspaper.  Why were they listed as non-residents?  I don’t know.  Maybe they lived outside of the city limits.  After all, the city directory listed them as “north of” Old Factory Road.

And that’s all we know about Annie until we find her marriage license in 1895.  If she was two years old in 1880, then in 1895 she would have been about seventeen years old. At seventeen, she would likely have needed consent to marry.  But did she get it?

That’s a question for the next post…..

 

Giving Thanks

On this day of Thanksgiving, I’m grateful for many things.  First and foremost, I’m thankful to God for his many blessings, including faith, family and friends.

Among my blessings, I count my forebearers.  The past year and half, as I have learned about the lives of family who have lived before me, I have gained a greater appreciation for them.  I am grateful for their good lives, for their raising good children, and for their being examples of goodness that has all led to my good parents teaching me goodness.  What a blessing!

I am also grateful to all those who have and who continue to share their memories.  With you, the family legacy can continue for us today and for those to come.  Thank you!

Happy Thanksgiving!

gma-gpa-parmer-red-socks

Helen and Theodore Apple Parmer

Tour of Luther and Edna’s Farm Home

Luther and Edna owned a farm, where they grew potatoes and other items.  Every week, they sold their produce and home baked goods at the farmer’s market.  One of the highlights of my visit to Lancaster was Ronald’s tour of the farm home.  The photo below is of the old root cellar, which is on the let side of the driveway.

102_3924

On the right side of the driveway is the house and what used to be the barn, which has now been turned into another home.  The original farm home is now a rental, but, fortunately, it happened to be empty at the time of our visit.  Carolyn wanted to know if Ronald knew any information about a small staircase in the basement, so the video begins in the basement, after which Ronald P. Scott takes us on a tour of the home.  This is my first video, and it took a bit of editing, so please be patient with my amateur production.  I’ll get better with experience!

https://youtu.be/zjmwTw7lqy0

Thank you so much, Ronald, for the tour!

 

Cousins and Spouses

Last post, we left off with William as a widower and a farmer.  Emma had passed away in April of 1917.  Just a few months later, William’s cousin died.

Benjamin Franklin Parmer died August 7, 1917 of diabetes at the age of 45.  His death certificate list his parents as Abram Parmer and Lillie Eckman.  Abram was the brother of Samuel, and Lillie was the sister of Hetty.  So two brothers, Abram and Samuel, married two sisters, Hetty and Lillie.  That would make Benjamin Franklin Parmer and William Eckman Parmer first cousins.

Somewhere between 1920 and 1927, William moved back to Pennsylvania.  We know this because William shows up in the 1920 census in Florida as a widower, and he shows up in the Lancaster city directory in 1927:

1927– clerk; home at 38 Washington

The 1930 census shows William as married to a Bessie.  William moved back to Lancaster and married his cousin’s widow, Elizabeth Hepburn Powell Parmer.  They are listed as living at 455 S Shippen on the 1930 census records.

Zillow lists 455 S Shippen as being built in 1888.  If that is the case, the current home at that address would be the same home where William and Bessie lived in 1930.

You can see the home on the google map for 455 S Shippen, Lancaster, PA

In 1932, William passed away.  He died of pneumonia, but also had carcinoma of the liver. His death certificate lists his occupation as caretaker of park.

william-eckman-parmer-headstone

Photo from findagrave.com

 

He was 62 years old and, it seems, he must have had a very interesting life, although to him, his life may have been nothing special.  What seemingly typical part of your life might be interesting to your future generations?  And what little details about your forefathers might you be able to share as a piece of the puzzle?

Elizabeth (Bessie) Hepburn Powell Parmer continued to live on Shippen Street.  She died September 3, 1966 after a long illness.

Orange Groves and a Ghost Town

 

William E. and Emma J. Parmer moved from Lancaster, PA to Florida.  I don’t know when or why, but I do know they moved.  They are listed in the 1910 census with all their kids in Lancaster.  William is in the 1911 city directory.  But he’s not listed in the directory in 1913.  So, it’s likely they moved to Florida between 1911 and 1913.

Cousin Millie says William and Emma and some of their children “at some point moved south and lived in Florida and had orange groves in the Orlando area.”

Tragically, Emma died April 10, 1917 at 45 years old.  She had mitral stenosis, which is when the heart’s mitral valve narrows.  The narrowing results in the valve not opening properly, which in turn causes abnormal blood flow into the pumping chamber of the heart.  The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever, which usually  occurs after a person has a step infection like strep throat.  Rheumatic fever was once very common and was the leading cause of death in children.

emma-j-howe-headstone-from-findagrave

Emma J. Howe Parmer’s headstone.   Photo from findagrave.com

In the 1920 census, William is listed as a  farmer in Narcoossee, FL with a post office address.  You might have a hard time finding Narcoossee today.   It’s a ghost town!  A search for Narcoossee, FL led to a a ghost town website with a description of Narcoossee, including photos from the general time period.  You can access the website by clicking  here.

According to the website, Narcoossee was a citrus farming area.  So that goes right a long with cousin Millie’s story.

Now we leave William, a widower and a farmer.

william-e-parmer

William Eckman Parmer at unknown date.  Photo courtesy of Millie Crawford. 

 

William’s Beginnings in Lancaster

William was born October 27, 1869, the second child, and second son, of Samuel and Hetty. He is shown with his family in the 1870 and 1880 census. On September 3, 1891, William Eckman Parmer and Emma J. Howe were married by Rev. D.W. Gerhard.  Here’s a photo of William and Emma:

william-e-parmer-and-emma-j-howe

Emma J. and William E. Parmer.  Photo courtesy of Millie Crawford.

Over the next several years, William worked at various jobs until he began working as a clerk at a store.  Here’s what we learn from looking at the city directories:

1892 — laborer at 612 S. Duke

1896 — driver, 31 E King; home at 429 Church — a 6 minute walk from home to work

1897 & 1898 — driver; resides at 339 W Marion

1899 — clerk for W D Sprecher Son & Co; resides at 29 Dorwart

1903, 1905, 1907, 1911 — clerk for Sprecher & Ganss (seed and implement establishment); resides at 507 Green

Over this time, William and Emma had their children–Roy, Guy J., Herbert H., Clarence (Nick), Viola, and Franklin William.

Then, sometime betweeen 1911 and 1913, they moved…..to Florida!

 

Where’s the Children?

Who are Samuel’s parents?….As discussed in a previous post, it’s hard to positively determine Samuel’s parents, at least from the records I’ve come across.  If only his mother’s name was listed on his death certificate!  In my research, I like to see concrete evidence-something solid and unmistakable.  I just haven’t found that for Samuel’s parents.  But the records do give us enough information to identify probable parents.

Part of the problem with Samuel is that he is not listed by name in any census records as a child with his parents.  The first positively identifiable census record I find for him is the 1870 census that shows him with his wife, Hetty, and two small children, John and William.

1870 census PA cropped samuel m

Notice the numbers at the far left.  They show that he is the 144th family, but that he is living in the home of the 139th dwelling house surveyed.  This census does not state the relationship of people living in the same household, so we are out of luck on getting that info, but we could make an assumption that Samuel Parmer is related to John Parmer, who owns the land, and his wife Martha.  Considering John and Samuel’s age difference, they might even be father-son, especially since Samuel’s death certificate lists his father’s name as “John Parmer.”  Samuel was 31 years old in the 1870 census.  Where was he in 1860 when he was 21 years old?  Or 1850 when he was 11 years old?

The 1860 census has an entry for John and Martha, but Samuel, who would have been 21 years old, is not listed in the home.  I do find John and Martha’s sons, Daniel and Emanuel, and their daughter Barbara.  But John, age 17, Ann, age 15, and Abraham, age 13, are not listed in the home either.

A similar situation is found in the 1850 census entry.  The children listed are John, age 7, Ann, age 5, Abraham, age 3, and Emanuel, age 1.  Daniel, who was 9 years old is missing, as well as Samuel, who would have been about 11 years old.  Daniel and Samuel were likely hired out, at least in the summer when the census was conducted.

I might have found Daniel in the 1850 census.  There is a Daniel Parmer, age 9, living with a couple who has Daniel and two girls living with them on their farm.  I’ve searched the 1850 census many times for Samuel Parmer, but he just doesn’t show up anywhere.  Until this week.

Instead of searching for Samuel Parmer, which usually brings up some name variations, I decided to search for misspellings.  I tried “Palmer”, “Palmel”, and finally, Parmen.  That was worth it!  I found a possible match, shown below.  The indexers decided the name is Samul Parman, and it is just different enough that it wasn’t coming up in my previous searches.

1850 census Samuel M Parmer cropped

Could this be Samuel Parmer?  To me, the last letter of his name as shown does not look like the other n’s of the census taker.   In fact, the last letter looks a lot like the r’s in “Farmer”.  But why is Samuel living in East Hempfield Township, 10 miles away from his family?  And who are John B. and Ann Landis?

According to the “Biographical Annals of Lancaster County Pennsylvania“, published in 1903, John B. Landis was from East Lampeter  Township, which is where John and Martha Parmer lived. The two Johns were close in age.  And John Landis’ relatives lived close by John Parmer in the 1850 census.  Considering all this, I am pretty confident that I’ve found our Samuel Parmer in 1850.

So, were are the children?  They are working.  At 9 and 11 years old, they are hired out and living with someone else.  But we found them!

Another tidbit:  The rest of John and Martha’s sons, who have death certificates to identify them as children of John and Martha, have “M” for their middle initial.  The “M” stands for “Meyers,” Martha’s maiden name.  With Samuel’s middle initial also being “M”, he fits right into the family.

Although I have not seen concrete evidence to attribute John and Martha as the parents of Samuel Parmer, I am willing to make that connection for now.  However, John and Martha have more than one generation of forefathers who were born in Pennsylvania.  I can’t help but think about the couple of census records that state Samuel’s father was born in Germany.  Was he really?  Or was that an error based on the fact that he spoke German?

Someday a record will show up that can answer that.  Do you have a record to share?